All of us who love dogs wouldn't intentionally cause them pain. They are our true friends. Our faithful friends. Unconditional love.
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I've been hearing from trainers who use punishment that not all dogs respond to things the same way. "What works for one dog doesn't necessarily work for another dog."
I've got news for ya. It all works the same way for every dog.
Reinforcement increases a behavior. Punishment decreases a behavior. Extinction eliminates a behavior. Period. End of story.
Now, what one dog considers reinforcement does change from dog to dog, just like it does from person to person. Here's a really good example from my own life. I've been struggling to find a way to increase the number of my physical workouts per week. I asked online for suggestions. I received a lot of "atta girls," "you look fine the way you are's," and "start slowly's."
But one guy wrote "Quit talking about it and just get your ass moving! Sitting on the computer ain't the way to lose it."
BINGO! That did it for me! For me, that comment was reinforcing. It increased my behavior of working out.
To some, however, it very well might have been a punisher -- it might have decreased the behavior of working out. So, what I find reinforcing and what someone else finds reinforcing might very well be two different things.
But a reinforcer is a reinforcer is a reinforcer. If behavior increases, a reinforcer is involved. Period. Done. Finished.
Quit talking about training and how every dog is different and just get out there and reinforce the behavior you like, for goodness sake. (Hey, it worked to increase my workouts, I'm trying to see if it works for other trainers, too.)
Have you ever wanted to reward your dog for a job well done, but you didn't have any food with you? I'm spending the week at Shedd Aquarium in Chicago, IL watching the trainers use play to pay their animals for good behavior.
A big part of Shedd's plan to use play as a reward is the building of strong relationships between trainer and animal. The trainers spend considerable time with each animal, finding out the different things that each animal really enjoys.
The video below shows Ken Ramirez, Shedd Aquarium's VP of Animal Collections and Training, with four Beluga whales. Notice that at no point in the video does he use any food with the Belugas. He doesn't even use a clicker or any kind of marker. He's just working with the animals using play and "fun stuff" the Beluga's find reinforcing. Using this type of interaction is fun for both the person and the animal, and it build a strong relationship between the two.
That's not to say he never uses food as a reinforcer, but he also spends time working with the animals without food. You can see from the video how much the Beluga's (and the people) enjoy their training regardless of whether food is present! [Double-click the video below to see it on YouTube if the right-side of the video isn't viewable.]
I was in Denver, CO recently with the faculty of Karen Pryor Academy. We're all animal trainers and most of us work primarily with dogs. ALL of us are training junkies - we refer to ourselves as behavior geeks.
Imagine our delight when we got to go behind-the-scenes at the Denver Zoo. The handsome fella you see on the left is a gerenuk, a type of antelope. He's cooler than cool - check out his hips - they're jointed just like a human. Another cool fact: he never needs to drink water. Ever.
He's also untrainable.
Can't you tell? Doesn't he look untrained? At least, that's what the zookeepers all around the world thought.
This is the ONLY trained Gerenuk in the world. Gerenuks are very flighty. See those itty bitty skinny legs? They break very easily. Because the Gerenuk is so prone to panic and run into anything in their way, zookeepers have left these animals alone.
Well, that is until this zookeeper came along. Thank goodness she either didn't know Gerenuks were untrainable or didn't believe it -- this guy is VERY well trained and not the least bit flighty!
Check out some of the video here (double click the video if you can't see the right-hand part of the video here on the blog.
The trainer was patient and had a detailed training plan before she started with the Gerenuk. In the beginning, he really was quite frightened and couldn't handle having full view of his keeper or what was going on in his area. The ingenious trainer built a wooden door to fit over the stall door and initially interacted with the Gerenuk this way - so he couldn't see her.
Eventually she cut a small hole in the wooden door so he had a view, but it was strictly limited. She worked with him with that small hole until he was comfortable and relaxed with her presence and his very limited view. Over time, she was able to make the hole larger and larger until he was able to finally handle having a full view.
She worked incrementally with the Gerenuk, gaining his confidence and working only within his comfort level -- allowing him to dictate the speed of the training process. What she has today is an unflappable Gerenuk! We were able to feed him grapes, take pictures and videos, and he never once looked startled or frightened.
So the next time you think your dog is untrainable, remember the Gerenuk! Nothing is untrainable if you have patience and time...and the right reinforcer. This Gerenuk's favorite food is green (not red!) seedless grapes! [Don't feed your dog grapes - they're toxic!]
There isn't any magic bullet to cure an aggressive dog. No secret elixir will transform a scaredy dog into a confident one. There isn't a pill you can give your dog to magically erase his fear.
However, recent advances in the study of canine biochemistry, medicine, and pharmacology has made it a whole lot easier for your aggressive, scared, or anxious dog to learn new habits.
Behavior modification along with medication can change a dog's life. Last weekend, I attended a fascinating lecture by Dr. Karen Overall, a veterinary behaviorist from the University of Pennsylvania.
Both veterinarians and trainers attended the lecture. It was especially gratifying to see so many veterinarians in the crowd. Many veterinarians don't know about the ways that drugs can help improve the quality of life of affected dogs because the subject of behavior is an elective at most veterinary schools.
The most effective way to modify the behavior of dogs with serious behavior problems can often be by combining drug therapy with behavior modification. An effective veterinarian-dog trainer team can make a significant difference in the prognosis of your dog.
If your dog is anxious, fearful, or aggressive, talk with your veterinarian or your trainer about teaming up to create a combined medical and training plan to help your dog live a fuller, more enjoyable life.
I'm leaving behind my dogs and my husband in a few hours to travel to Dallas, TX for the weekend. I'm part of the faculty at Karen Pryor Academy for Animal Training and Behavior (KPA) and I'm delivering Workshop 3 this weekend.
From the Academy's website:
We teach our students to be skilled trainers and effective teachers using force-free methods. This is not just because we're nice (though we are), but because we understand the history and use of punishment in training, and we believe that Karen Pryor Academy's approach is more powerful in every meaningful dimension.
We believe that great teachers possess both a solid knowledge of the science that governs learning, and honed practical abilities in both training animals and teaching other people to train animals. We also believe in giving our graduates the skills to succeed in their profession. Our curriculum weaves best business practices together with best training practices, and we have innovative post-graduate programs that give our alumni continuing support for financial success.
Each Dog Trainer Academy consists of on-line learning as well as in-person, weekend-long workshops. Students bring their own dogs with them to the workshop to show off what they've learned. This weekend is an especially fun workshop: the students will be working with untrained dogs and their people, teaching basic good manners. It's fun for the dogs, the owners, the students, and for me - it's a really fun weekend.
It's not enough to know about dogs, to know about behavior. To be an effective trainer, you've got to be able to teach people. Too many trainers are in this profession because they love dogs. It's not enough to just love dogs. You must enjoy the people who are at the other end of the leash as well! And effectively communicate and teach the person. Without the person, we have no chance of helping the dog.
It's a fantastic - but exhausting - experience. I can't wait to catch my flight today and arrive in Dallas this evening. But, know too, how happy I'll be to get back here early Monday morning so I can see my own dogs and my husband!
